"Go Back to Africa"

It is evident that, when comparing African Americans and Africans, there is a slight difference in DNA. This is clearly seen through physical characteristics, including the varying hair textures and skin colors that are seen in these individuals. 

Photo Courtesy of Soul Travel Multimedia

During the Atlantic slave trade, “nearly 400,000 Africans [were brought] over to the colonies and, later, the United States.” Furthermore, the slaves who were women were typically raped by their white slave master, essentially creating what are now considered African-American babies. Such behavior was typical for many slave homes, thus it eventually led to a mass creation of a new race in our society. 

Why does this matter? It is quite common to hear whites telling blacks to “go back to Africa,” which is honestly nothing more than a racist, ignorant statement. Think about that. Go back to Africa? Does that imply that I previously lived in Africa or that I belong there because of the color of my skin?

Just last March, at a Donald Trump protest, a white man screamed “go back to Africa” to a black women.

There are honestly two major problems that I have with this statement: it demonstrates that the person saying it is extremely dense, and that he or she is not aware of the fact that the majority of us in America do not actually originate from here.

I know that many of you already know this, but I figured I put it out there: we all originated from Africa. That’s right, “all living human beings are descendents of a small, innovative and ambitious set of people on the African continent.” Therefore, when I hear that Africans and blacks are the only ones associated with this continent, I cannot believe the stupidity. Not only are we all from Africa, but we are all NOT from America. Unless you are Native American, you are not able to call America your true homeland. 

Conveniently, our society likes to forget that the vast majority of blacks in this country are descended from people who were brutally ripped from their homeland and forced to be here. Moreover, whites saying this somehow believe themselves to be the 'natives' while thinking blacks are guests, or even intruders. 

Photo Courtesy of Buzzle

It will be immensely difficult to end the discrimination and prejudice against African Americans that has been instilled in so many institutions. I hope that you all have enjoyed my passion blog, Black Reality. I personally find it beneficial to sometimes step back and try to understand life in other people’s perspectives, and that was my main objective in centralizing on the idea of how it feels to be African American.

In all honesty, I was nervous to write about this topic because talking about racial issues in our society can be uncomfortable. Despite this truth, I hope that one day race is more openly discussed, and I would love to see interracial friendships and relationships become more normalized, especially here at Penn State. 

A Different Kind of Civil War

Courtesy of African American Lectionary

Look at the picture above. Which doll would you choose? According to the Doll Study done in the 1940s, you would most likely choose the lighter colored doll. Why is this true? What makes lighter skin more preferential over darker skin?

Skin color has always been a major factor in the discussion of beauty. In fact, America has come to admire the eurocentric look, defining it as the standard of attractiveness. Eurocentric  features usually include white or light skin, a narrow nose, blonde or brown long straight hair, and thin lips. 

According to “Brotherman: The Odyssey of Black Men in America - an Anthology,” darker slaves were often forced to work in the slave fields and received no privileges, placing light skinned blacks at a higher ranking than their black counterparts. 

Obviously the racism against African Americans, centered about their “colored” skin, has been something instilled in our society; it may even be a reaction to this desire for lighter skin. Not only is this present among blacks and whites, but in the African-American community there has generally been more of a preference for lighter-skinned individuals. The media has showcased this a multitude of times; in movies, TV shows, magazines, makeup campaigns, and even songs. Honestly, even I been subjected to this as I find myself avoiding the sun in the summer, hiding myself from the possibly of tanning. 

Spike Lee, a famous filmmaker, exposed this debacle in the movie School Daze, in which light and dark skinned individuals, attending a historically black university, had several conflicts with each other.  A notable scene from the movie involves the opposing groups of light skinned versus dark skinned women as they argued in a hair salon about which group has “good” hair. 

Magazines will often employ a skin lightening technique on Photoshop that can lighten the skin color of the person on the cover, which is often incorporated in photos of darker celebrities or models. 

Courtesy of Become Gorgeous

Even contouring and highlighting, highly used makeup techniques, are frequently used to manipulate the color and dynamics of the face. 

Courtesy of YouTube

Rappers have also spoken on this topic; Feel this Way, a song by Consequence and John Legend, contain the lyrics: "light skin is the right skin," which offended many members of the African-American community.

 

You may be wondering: why is this a problem? Is it even wrong to emphasize light-skinned individuals over dark-skinned? For one, a controversy like this can make darker-skinned individuals feel more insecure within their own skin. This discrimination has often lead to skin bleaching and disputes among lighter and darker skinned people over social media:

Courtesy of Twitter

Funny enough, this same kind elevated image of light skin color is known to be true in an assortment of different cultures, most notably in the caste system set in India. The lighter a person is, the more power that person holds, while the darker they are makes them more prone to living a harder life. 

Have any of you found yourself naturally preferring lighter skinned people or objects over darker ones?

Stereotype Threat

Last week, in my psychology class, I learned about the concept of stereotype threat, which is described by the pressure that a person can feel when he or she could confirm a negative stereotype about his or her group. By group I mean race, gender, sexual orientation, and other categories we identify ourselves as. For example, African-Americans have a common negative stereotype of being involved with crime. This results in many African-American individuals to feel somewhat uncomfortable around the law enforcement because they do not want to confirm any negative assumptions that a police officer can make. Futhermore, women have a negative  stereotype regarding their driving skills. On her driving exam, a women may feel more nervous than a man would because she knows that people would not expect her to drive as well.

I have been thinking about this idea and how stereotype threat can affect grades and standardized testing scores, opportunities for advancement, and motivation to succeed. I have learned that the average IQ scores are the highest for Asian, middle for White and Hispanic, and the lowest for African-American. This trend is very much parallel to the SAT score averages, as well as GPA.

Photo Curtesy of Wikipedia

There are many factors that can influence this trend for students, including living situation, parent income and education, and, the most common reason, student’s expectations for themselves based on what other’s expect from their group. Students may adjust their performance based on the fact that they are aware of what is considered to be normal for them. For example, some Asians may work even harder because they believe that they are expected to achieve at higher standards. Having this knowledge has encouraged me to try even harder to defy this truth. 

As an African-American, I have definitely experienced this stereotype threat academically and socially. In a previous blog post, I mentioned that when I was in elementary school a teacher publicly humiliated me as she asked how many students (all white), in the hallway, liked me. At the time I had no idea how racist and discriminatory she was being, but after that day and many other similar circumstances occurred, I did not put in as much effort in elementary through middle school.

Luckily, I have developed higher standards for myself, and have been nothing but hard-working in my life. Despite what you may think, I still experience this pressure today at Penn State. Because African-Americans have mainly negative stereotypes, I constantly feel like people expect less of me. For example, I have friends that ask me to yell at their boyfriends for them when they're having an issue, assuming that I enjoy yelling and arguing with people. I have also heard other people (assuming that all I listen to is hip-hop and rap) tell me that that type of music only consists of curse words, which is completely stereotypical and not close to correct.

Even though this stereotype threat is real and uncomfortable at times, I believe that it is important to be aware of how teachers, friends, and counselors can affect the standards we set for ourselves. 

After reading this, do any of you have a stereotype threat that has negatively affected you in some way? On the contrary, maybe it has been positive for you?

Get Out!: The Message

This week I want to give a shoutout to Jordan Peele, an american actor, comedian, and filmmaker, who directed and wrote the movie Get Out, which is in theaters now. I saw this movie over spring break and I would like to say that I really enjoyed it. For those of who who have not seen it, I strongly recommend it. 

I do not want to spoil the movie too much, so I will just talk why I particularly enjoyed this horror film and the actual meaning behind the movie. I am sure that many of you can agree with me when I state that in most horror films, the main character, subjected to torment or danger, is curious to find “the noise” they hear outside or do some investigation to get to the bottom of what is happening. Personally, I find this to be idiotic! If I heard a strange noise anywhere, I would immediately try to escape. In this movie, finally, the main character is smart to realize that he needs to get out, hence the title, before he gets killed or kidnapped. 

I also enjoyed this movie because the main character has a high level of intelligence. When I refer to intelligence, I specifically mean when it comes to common sense and survival skills. Most main characters of horror films run away and scream for help; however, this main character fought back. “Yes!” and “Thank God!” are some phrases many viewers and I shouted in the theatre during this action-packed movie. I truly respected the fact that the main character did not let himself get defeated.

Some of you may be wondering: what does this have to do with black reality? Well, to address that, I want to talk about the meaning behind the movie. To keep it simple, this movie does a great job at highlighting a specific subset of white racism that is very much present today. This racism is described by the common admiration of “blackness” rather than black people themselves. This sounds pretty confusing at first, but consider the following example: a white person does not want to befriend black people; yet, s/he hires a black servant because it is generally attractive to have a black servant. This kind of situation used to be a common way that whites would show others that they are wealthy.

In the movie, various white characters made comments about how “black is in style now,” which is a subtle but clear way of demonstrating this. We see this kind of racism happening today when whites state that blacks are more athletically gifted (which seems to not be racist), are better rappers, or even are better at dancing. Despite the fact that these associations seem to be complimentary to blacks, they ultimately represent this idea that we are desired for the characteristics and qualities we offer, rather than who we are as people. As mentioned before, the main character, a black man, was able to use his common sense to detect a peculiarity in the house he was staying in. In addition, he was capable of defending himself and surviving through the torment. The fact that he was able to do these things demonstrates that he is an intelligent, creative man, not just a fast runner. I truly appreciated this movie for addressing this hidden truth that I see and hear all the time, even from my own friends.

I am interested to hear from those of you who have watched the movie, did you like it? Why or why not?

Black Contributions

Did you know that an African-American invented the ice-cream scooper? What about the potato chip? A lot of individuals, including me, underestimate the power, intelligence, and contributions that African-Americans have to made to society.

This fact was especially evident in the recent movie Hidden Figures, which is about three African-American women, referred to as “human computers,” who were a large component to the “machine” that calculated the safe and successful launch of astronaut John Glenn into space. In doing so, these women defied all racial and gender stereotypes in order to follow their dreams. This movie truly opened up my eyes as I learned that African-American efforts were a pivotal component to America’s successful NASA program.

As I was recently inspired and surprised by this, I thought that it would be worthwhile to see in what additional ways “hidden figures” has played a role in other aspects of life. After researching online, I discovered that many of our everyday utilities, foods, services, medical practices, and games have been coined by African-American innovators:

Garrett A Morgan 

Photo Courtesy of FamousBlackInventers.com

An African-American man who earned no more than a sixth grade level of education, Morgan invented both the traffic light and the gas mask. Morgan grew up in a household of former slaves, therefore expecting to not be valued in society. Despite his initial doubts, Morgan had a natural ability to think mechanically, leading to other inventions such as the hair straightener and sewing machine.

Daniel H. Williams

Photo Courtesy of FamousBlackPast.com

On the contrary to Morgan, Williams strived for a higher education that led to several accomplishments within the medical field. Initially a shoemaker’s apprentice and a barber, Williams eventually realized that that wasn’t his passion; rather, medicine was. In fact, he was the first to successfully do open heart surgery!

Lewis Latimer

Photo Courtesy of Biography.com

We all associate the invention of the light bulb with Thomas Edison; however, have you heard of Lewis Latimer? Serving as an assistant to Edison, this is the man who actually perfected the light bulb. Latimer’s father was a freed slave, with the help of Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison, as he was able to purchase his freedom and give Latimer more opportunities in life to innovate. 

These types of findings definitely serve as a motivation for me within my future career. I too want to innovate and better our society. A personal role-model for me is Ben Carson, who is a well-known genius in the field of neurosurgery. 

Ben Carson

Photo Courtesy of Biography.com

Ben Carson was the first surgeon to successfully separate conjoined twins at the head. What I find amazing about Carson is that he initially grew up in an environment in which he was set up for failure. Despite this, he ended up bettering his grades, getting accepted into college and medical school, and even becoming the director of pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. It is very uncommon to see such a successful outcome from an African-American living in a low-income area with little encouraging to actually succeed. One day, I hope to become someone as remarkable as him!

Tough Adjustment

These past few weeks here, at Penn State, have been pretty rough for me. Everywhere I go, the conversation, among minority groups, about the discomfort and isolationism on this campus is brought up. This has included Asians, Hispanics, African-Americans, and members of the LGBTQ community. 

Just yesterday, I walked into the Paul Robeson Cultural Center (PRCC) for the first time. For those of you who don’t know, this is the center, in the HUB, right next to the flight of stairs that lead you down to the Student Bookstore. It’s a very warm, welcoming place, so I would definitely walk in and try to socialize with the various minority groups on campus. 

I made my way over to the PRCC because I have recently been feeling as if I do not have diversity within my friend groups, compared to what I have been used to my whole life. Coming from Wyncote, PA, I have always seen people of many colors and backgrounds around me; at Penn State, however, that is not the case. Yesterday, I learned some alarming facts: 80% of the African-American students here end up transferring and dropping out, African-American professors are retiring and taking other jobs elsewhere, and over the last 10 years, the percentage of African American students went from 3% to 5%, even after the government mandated Penn State to recruit more African American students. 

http://sites.psu.edu/andrewspasports/

Hearing this has seriously been making me doubt my enrollment here. I know many of you love Penn State, and that is usually the case with most students. I can definitely see why, as this is a wonderful school that offers so many opportunities. As a freshman, I have already been participating in research, promoted to a Crew Leader at my job, and applied to 5 different internships. I came here because I was offered to be in my major right away, the Schreyer Honors College, and was automatically involved with other clubs and activities like Women in Engineering. The only aspect that I did not like about the school, since the beginning, was that only 3% of the university, or 1200 students, are African American.

So what does that feel like? Just imagine, hypothetically, that you go to a HBCU, or a predominately black college. Now, obviously, you would sometimes feel isolated and miss being around those who share your culture, music interests, and social activities. Think about it: most people feel more comfortable around those who look like them. So of course I wish there were more African-Americans and Hispanics at this university.

I’m not going to lie to you guys and tell you that I haven’t thought about transferring from here. The question is: which is more important, comfort or opportunity? That’s what it comes down to. However, I aim to be optimistic. I am reaching out to various cultural centers and organizations so that I can network and socialize with all types of people. I am hoping that getting more involved with student organizations will facilitate my adjustment here more. 

The feeling of being on the “outside” is very common at a large school like Penn State. I know that some of you guys may feel isolated or lonely in some ways as well, whether it relates to race, or maybe even hobbies and interests. I’d like to know how you guys feel about the lack of diversity at Penn State, as well as personal struggles you go through at the university. 

The Beast Called Hair

Something that has always been a struggle for me is maintaining my hair. My hair, in its natural state, is extremely curly, puffy, and sometimes knotty. It can frequently be a hassle, especially when it is wet, hot, humid, or foggy outside. After a long process of taming it, it can become more manageable through two ways: through applying heat or using “hair protective styles.”

Applying Heat

As it sounds, applying heat simply involves blow drying and/or straightening the hair. This process can vary depending on the length and kind of curl pattern a woman has. Personally, it takes me a total of three hours to get my hair washed and combed, blow dried, and straightened. Because of the knotty nature of African-American hair, combing and blow drying it takes up most of the time. The advantage to doing this is that it is much simpler and easier to wake up and have your hair styled. The disadvantage is that maintaining the straight hair-do is only possible if preventative measures are made to avoid water contact and humidity, which are sometimes inevitable.

Hair Protective Styles

There are numerous ways to style my hair so that it can maximize its moisture and health without heat. Applying heat too often is very damaging to the hair, therefore during a time when I know there’s a high chance of my hair becoming puffy, I choose to not straighten it because it won’t last long. However, braiding, twisting, or wearing my hair natural will allow it to remain in a healthy state. The advantage to this is method is that heat is minimized and it actually helps the hair grow. The disadvantage, on the contrary, is that to keep these hair styles nice, usually extra work would need to put it in. For example, when I twist my hair at night, in the morning I would need to wet it to make the curls look their best. 

One thing that I have noticed over the years is that I tend to worry about the little details when it comes to ensuring that my hair doesn’t get messed up. I often limit myself from swimming and water rides, and if I do swim, I don’t go under the water. I also have to wear a shower cap in the shower and sleep with a bonnet to bed every day (to keep my hair from puffing from the sweat we all accumulate at night). I also tend to style my hair differently depending on the time of year, factoring in the weather conditions and the season. For example, I would use hair protective styles during the month of July, considering the fact that it is summer time, I want to swim, and it tends to be humid and muggy. Here's a picture of me last July (my hair wasn't freshly twisted but this was the only recent one I could find).

Until recently, I have worn my hair straight for most of my life, especially in the winter. I have had sporadic moments of braiding it and wearing it natural, but i’ve never committed to any long-term hair protective style. 

Being at Penn State has changed my hair habits drastically. Due to the constant walking outside to classes, my hair always gets curly immediately after I straighten it, which is why, on most days, I wear it in a pony tail. 

What are your daily hair routines (sorry guys this may not include you)? Are there any specific challenges that you face?

Does Race Play a Role Within Parental Punishment?

During a casual conversation this week, me and some friends, some of whom were Caucasian, discussed the differences within parenting styles when it comes to African-American families versus Caucasian families. Topics about hitting children, having a curfew, and cursing at parents came up in the form of questions like these:

• What would be the typical punishment that your parents would use when you were wrong?
• What was your curfew?
• What would be the response of your parents if you cursed at them, or talked back?

The majority of the responses from my Caucasian friends were the opposite of what me and some of the African-Americans had been used to, which opened my eyes to some differences within handling children across various races. After reading this, I hope you guys will discuss similarities and differences within your upbringing, as I am genuinely curious about the role that race can play within various parenting styles.

When asking about the usual punishment that my friend’s parents would rely on, it would vary depending on the “wrong,” which is pretty expectable. For example, one of my Caucasian friends noted that if she got detention in school, she would be talked to about it briefly, but still have the ability to watch TV, use her phone, and hang out with friends. However, if she yelled at her mom rudely, her mom would “ground” her for a day and basically ignore her. On the contrary, an African-American in the discussion mentioned that her parents would probably “ground” her for getting detention; however, she would be “spanked” or “beat” for yelling at her parents. 

We all watched a video from Twitter of a little boy smacking his mom on Dr. Phil and getting no consequence for it.

After watching and discussing this with friends, this apparently isn’t far off from how Caucasian children treat their parents. I noticed the great difference within the established rules and strictness that I experienced versus a Caucasian when I heard my Caucasian friends mention that they had no curfew and often cursed at their parents when upset. I personally wasn’t allowed to even sleep over other people’s houses until I was in high school, and even then my mother needed to “know” the parents well. Once I got to high school, I had to put my phone downstairs every night by 9:30 pm or else i’d be “grounded.”

The idea of “spanking” kids to teach them a lesson, having strict rules and an early curfew, cursing in front of and at parents, and talking back are all key differences that have been brought to light after the conversation. In African-American families, there seems to be a value of “teaching lessons” through hitting, extreme punishment, and no second chances. In Caucasian families, there seems to be a value of reasoning with kids, letting them have “their space,” and letting them learn by hurting themselves. 

Stereotypical Non-sense

To me, a stereotype is essentially an overgeneralization about characteristics of a group of people or collective things. Obviously, stereotypes are solely a social construct, resulting from  initial prejudice and discrimination against specific groups of people. I think Javier Bardem said it best:

                       http://www.justjared.com/2016/02/08/penelope-cruz-joins-javier-bardem-at-goya-cinema-awards-2016/

“I don't believe in stereotypes. Most of the time, stereotypes are just that.” 

  Here is a short list of some stereotypes that have directly impacted my life:

                     African-American women are loud.

                                https://www.theodysseyonline.com/african-american-women-stereotypes

A lot of movies portray African-American women as loud, rude, obnoxious, and “extra” when it comes to drama, associating them with fighting and arguing. I know African-American women who act like this and some who don’t, so I personally wouldn’t say this is true all the time. I have noticed that if I yell or am loud about something, I am the one picked out and seen to be the “bully” or “offender.” One time, during cheerleading practice, a girl was yelling at me because I made a mistake with the stunt. In response, I yelled at her back; however, everyone thought I was wrong. There’s more of a fear associated with a black person yelling at someone, which could be a main reason why a lot of people think we start problems or are overreacting.

                            African-Americans are unintelligent. 

                   http://www.blackenterprise.com/news/detroit-schools-in-danger-of-closing/

Blacks are seen to be less intelligent than whites, asians, and indians so much so that Ivy Leagues expect a lower score from blacks and would make a 2100 on SAT from an asian equivalent to a 1800 from an African-American. A family friend on the executive board for admission to Dartmouth shared this information with me. Blacks are around two thousand years behind whites when it comes to learning and being able to earn an education. Obviously this is due to the fact that blacks were slaves while whites became intelligent over time because of longer experience within the education system. I went through a phase in middle school where I was pretty discouraged about trying hard in school because I would ask myself, “what’s the point?” As I mentioned in my last blog post, I have had teachers assume that I was going to fail in the advanced classes and assumed that I wouldn’t be as smart as the white students.

                                            African-Americans are “ghetto.”

                                  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghetto (first picture to come up for “ghetto” in google)

Many people assume that African-Americans come from a lower-class or middle-class family. For the past few years, I lived in a gated community called Maple Lawn, where the majority of the residents were white, upper-middle class or upper class. A lot of my friends would say things like “wow, you must be rich if you live in Maple Lawn,” yet if another white or asian student said they lived there he or she wouldn’t get any attention because they would be considered the norm. People are generally more surprised if they find out that an African-American is living in a nice home and has a nice car. One night me and my boyfriend’s family went out to dinner in Baltimore and his dad drove us in his Tesla. As soon as we stepped outside of the car, a white family looked at the car and shockingly said, “how were you able to afford that?” Offensive as this was, it serves as a perfect example of the stereotype. 

Have any of you heard of these stereotypes before? Have you actively discriminated someone because of it, even non-intentionally? What are some stereotypes you think others have of you?

Embrace Your Skin

Have you ever had a moment in your life where you wanted to change your identity? Maybe you’ve plastered makeup on your face to cover up your tiny clusters of freckles; steamed down your hair to get every curl out of it; concealed your smile because of the metal that came with opening it; or burned your arms, legs, and face every time it was a sunny day because you desired to be darker. I too have had these moments in life where I wished that I could alter a small part of myself. The biggest problem that I face, however, is the fact that my identity has a negative connotation to it, and defines who I am before others can even get to know me. When one looks at my face, many stereotypes and prejudiced thoughts can come up simply because of my brown skin.

As an African-American, to many of us, being black means that you should expect the world to have pre-conceived judgments about you. Many will not see the value you possess, believing that you don’t deserve as much care and attention as the rest. In my experience, teachers will not believe in you and keep you in the “regular” classes. In fact, I remember when I was in the fourth grade, a teacher in the school asked everyone, “who here does not like Madison?,” which actually included the teacher as well. She told me that I would not do well in the more advanced classes and that I should “play it safe” and just stick with all of the other “regular” students (I would love to pay her a visit now). As an African-American, you become accustomed to your white classmates distancing themselves from you. You aren’t even surprised when your the only student to not be invited to a classmates’ party because you’ve grown to accept to be ostracized. As a nine year old girl, I truly did not know why I was not getting the colorful cards in the mail like everybody else saying, “you have been invited” and “save the date.” Lunch tables were obviously segregated by race, and when the famous swapping of lunches occurred, nobody wanted food from me or my table-mates, black students. Apparently, we can’t be trusted. An an African-American, police officers will think that you are up to no good when playing on the street. Most of us read the news and see what has been currently going on today regarding the innocent African-American individuals being hurt or killed solely on the basis of their skin color. My brother was hit by a car, while riding his bike, by a police officer when he was in middle school. The officer said, “watch out where you are going. Better yet, go home.” 

I can name several other obstacles that we face on a day-to-day basis, but the overarching idea is that my identify can not be covered up by makeup, straightened with a flat iron, or hidden. I have to not only live with it, but embrace it. Being “black” is something unique and special that God gave me. This identity does nothing but make me stronger because of the additional challenges that I have to face, while being able to prove others wrong. Once said by B.R. Ambedkar, “…man does not lose his being in the society in which he lives. Man's life is independent. He is born not for the development of the society alone, but for the development of his self.” Moreover, the world does not determine my purpose, I do.